Anti-Semitism was the further development of the
connection between racial/cultural identities and definitive connotations about
those peoples. Jews have always faced oppression, but during this time Jews
became identified as the scapegoat of modernity’s ill effects. Jews were able
to maintain their culture and religion throughout all of this, which made other
groups resentful. The importance they placed on education and hygiene, results
of reform, allowed them to increase in population and standard of living. At
the same time emancipation efforts were anticipated to fade out Jewishness, but
obviously this was not the case. As life became difficult in many urban areas
within Europe, people needed someone to blame. Tons of anti-Semitic literature
and propaganda was unveiled in an effort to put all the blame on the Jews.
Authors like Wilhelm Marr claimed, Jewish acceptance in the Enlightenment
allowed them to reach successful places in society. He asserted, due to this
acceptance they could no longer be trusted. Almost all Jewish teachers were removed
from their positions because it was believed they would hinder the children
they taught. Other prominent Jewish professions like bankers and journalists
faced incredible scrutiny. Essentially Jews were hated on for their success
while other groups faced adversity.
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